Wednesday, December 4, 2013

Research Paper Summary

Research Paper Summary

Methods to Prevent Underage Drinking:
1.     Attachment Theory- psychoanalyst John Bowlby, describes the theory as people having an inherent and universal desire to be accepted by others (Eusebio et al, 1). The attachment that an adolescent should feel to their parents is proven to be a preventive method for underage drinking and other rebellious activities. The American Psychological Association’s Andrew Lac et al. cites human connection activities such as “engaging in familial activities that cultivate trust, encouraging bidirectional parent– child communication, and adopting disciplinary practices that reject delinquent behaviors” (Lac et al, 9) as being activities that discourage underage drinking and promote Bowlby’s attachment theory.
2.     Laws- Internal possession (IP) laws prohibit minors from having alcohol in their system. Studies show that IP laws reduce high school drinking by 10% on average. P laws ban generally all underaged drinking activities, but there are specific laws that prohibit situational drinking. Minimum legal drinking age (MLDA) laws including purchasing laws, zero tolerance laws, and use- and- lose laws which allows the suspension of driving privileges for minor guilty of alcohol violations are proven to cause a decrease in the ratio of underage drinking drivers to nondrinking drivers in fatal crashes

3.     Positive Parental Involvement- Parents who drink to the point of intoxication in front of their young children are most likely going to raise adolescents that experiment with underage drinking because alcohol is familiar to them. According to Bandura’s social learning theory, “individuals learn behavior through observing and interacting with those who they are closest to.” Although children with parents who drink often have negative associations with alcohol due to the anxiety that the parents cause for the children because of violent, threatening, or immoral behavior, the exposure of drinking to children could lead to undesired alcohol consumption for youths simply because “they are closest to” their parents.

Excerpt from Personal Narrative


     The beguiling Andrew Bird had just beautifully sung the last lyric of “Fake Palindromes”. The only sound in the Georgia Theater was the reverberation of the gramophone of the final note of the song. The overwhelming crowd of people around me disappeared. It was just the tantalizing tune and I. As soon as I left the concert, I knew that I wanted a way to commemorate that special night- an evening filled with breathtaking music, the pleasure of being merely feet away from a musician that truly means a lot to me, and sharing the experience with two of my most favorite people.  Eight months later the resonant sound created by Andrew Bird was replaced with the whirring noise created by a tattoo needle. I always knew that I wanted a tattoo and the experience of complete serenity with no sound but the reverberation of a Specimen™ phonograph led me to the idea to get a gramophone as my first tattoo. On June 8th, 2013, at 2 o’clock at Fine Lines Tattoo Studio in Augusta, Georgia- I made one of the best decisions I have ever made. It was one week after I had turned eighteen years old and my parents knew I was getting a tattoo and that they could not stop me. The fact that I ignored my fear of pain, my parent’s reluctance, and my low bank account proved that I finally was capable of deciding on something for myself. As a child, decisions were made for me. As a teenager, decisions were required to have parental input. Now, it was just me and my own passion for wanting to have a work of art on my body that represented a night, a moment, a concept, an icon, a concert, a transformation, and a brilliant beautiful man that led me to my first solely independent decision in my adult life.

Rites of Passage Final Essay

Rites of Passage Final Essay
            A plentiful amount of cultural stereotypes exist today. If you are told to imagine a wide spectrum of people in your mind, you will most likely utilize this categorization of human beings and mentally pick out stereotypes such as a “nerd”, “punk”, or “straightedge.” As a person who tries their hardest to not pigeonhole people into a certain subset of society, one fundamental fact is necessary to remember: everyone is different. Even if you subscribe to these predetermined archetypes, you will find subtle dissimilarities from person to person. Considering we live in a culture focused on individualism, it is nonsensical to have designated rites of passage for all people. Every human being has deviating ideas of what a rite of passage is and values certain occasions in varied ways. Forced culturally accepted rites of passage could even negatively affect a person and cause feelings of disconnection from their fellow humans because they choose not to participate in ubiquitous cultural standards such as getting married and having babies. Modern society is slowly beginning to eliminate these predetermined rites of passages and focus more on individuals making their own rites of passage. The latter system is much more beneficial for our heterogeneous culture today. Ipso facto: set rites of passage are counterproductive for individuals to create meaning in their lives.
            Human nature dictates that we set goals for ourselves. It is commonly accepted knowledge that the two best motivators are food and sex. However, each person does also have separate, personalized goals for themselves. One ubiquitous “rite of passage” is the act of going to college however, not everybody is destined or desires to be involved in college life.  For example, my main goal is to thrive in the art world. I have thought about participating in all facets of the art career field from owning my own art studio and giving lessons to becoming an art therapist. Not all artists need to go to college. One could just start out your career independently- although it is difficult to do this. It was ingrained into my brain to go to college because of adults that surrounded and influenced me in my youth.  Although, I am happy with my decision to fulfill my predetermined destiny to go to college considering I have much to learn about the art world, people perhaps with more knowledge and talent than I could have found their happiness being self-infused into the art scene. Their personalized, specific goal might have been in their head for years whereas I am still exploring my options. People’s lives move at different paces and some commonly subscribed activities are not ideal for every person, depending on their goals.  Judith Wallerstein and Sandra Blakeslee, authors of “The Good Marriage”, state “We can shape our lives at home, including our relationships with our children and marriage itself” (Fraga et al. 308). Blakeslee et al. clearly believe in the idea of creating one’s own rites of passage to find happiness or contentment. The authors demonstrate in this passage that marriages do not have to subscribe to the ideal marriage that media portrays. Alternative relationship styles work for different people based on traits like personality or situations that arise. Blakeslee et al. states “A good marriage is a process of continual change as it reflects new issues, deals with problems that arise, and uses the resources available at each stage of life” (Fraga et al. 311). This demonstrates the idea that each couple or participant in any type of relationship cannot limit themselves to an type of relationship that is put on a pedestal by society. Even within the relationship of people, each person will have their own goals and ideals of how communication should be. If this is true, why would one force people to immerse themselves into an “ideal relationship”? Every human being has contrasting goals and ideals that they believe should be attained. It is impossible to pick one right way to do something or think, as the right action or thought varies from person to person therefore certain actions and ideals should not be enforced simply because they are considered normal or proper.
            Every person has items or activities that bring them joy that they assign value to. Some people value certain things more than others. Dave Barry, author of “Feeling the Force”, mocks lifetime Star Wars fanatics and debases George Lucas’ continuous addition to the franchise. By utilizing satire such as comparing Robin Williams to an Ewok, Barry exemplifies his frustration with the “nerds” that mass congregate wearing their prized memorabilia whenever a new Star Wars film comes out (Fraga et al. 103). However, this franchise means a lot to these “nerds.” Whether the franchise was a significant part of their childhood or if the plot simply intrigues them, these people value George Lucas and his contribution to humanity (Admittedly, I am one of these nerds). People assign significance to certain actions or ideas that they enjoy or believe in and should not be belittled for appreciating these things. For example, I value art and tattoos more than I value marriage and children. Although my priorities might be the way they are because of my age and current circumstances, I honestly believe that I will be happiest living alone in an art studio with an abundance of cats and tattoos and am mocked about this by my recently engaged sister Jessica whom greatly values having a husband and children to tend to. I value creativity, expression, and passion when Jessica values dependence, family, and caring.  Jessica and I are completely opposite people with differing passions and personality traits therefore my parents could not expect us to follow the same life path. One could apply the idea demonstrated in this scenario to general life and it is conclusive that one path is not meant for everyone. Everyone has different passions that they believe would help them achieve the nirvana of contentment. A person who values independence and freedom to do what they want would not desire the cultural expectation to get married and create spawn and should not be expected to do so simply because it is the past’s normal. Each person should be able to devise their own rites of passage and life plan based on what they find to be important.
            When considering the value of designated rites of passage, one must keep in mind the people who would rather not to participate in these activities.  Whether it is based on personal beliefs and personality type, some actions are not enticing for certain people. Naomi Wolf, author of “Promiscuities: The Secret Struggle Toward Womanhood”, questions the act of losing one’s virginity as a rite of passage. Wolf states “The worldview we inherited told us that what we gained by becoming fully sexual was infinitely valuable and what we lost by leaving behind our virgin state was less than negligible” (Fraga et al. 136). This exemplifies how history determines the process of losing one’s virginity as being a major transition into the next stage of life. Firstly, not everyone views having sex for the first time as being an important step towards become a real woman or a man, but there are also people who choose to not have sex. Celibates, asexual people, persons of a certain religious persuasion, or people who simply do not want to have sex actually do exist and should not feel isolated simply because they choose to not participate in an activity that the majority of people accomplish. Lack of a shared experience such as having sex for the first time should not equate to conflict or unhappiness. The abstainers have chosen a certain path and if it brings them satisfaction and they value abstinence, then the act of becoming celibate has become a rite of passage for them. Not all preconceived rites of passage should be applicable to everyone. Activities that most adult and peers encourage at high school age are the acts of going to prom and graduation. During high school, I was the kind of person that did not enjoy large crowds, attention, and school spirit considering I disliked my hometown and most of the people in it.  I had no desire to attend an event in which you have to pay hard-earned money to wear an uncomfortable dress you will wear for approximately five hours and be forced to feign a smile for pictures and pretend to be happy to see people you have disliked for years. I did not want the attention and applause that graduation entails. I am a quirky introvert and do not want people paying attention to me as they usually will be disturbed because I enjoy stating odd non sequiturs, am brutally honest, and very animated in my facial expressions.  However, my parents were raised to believe that events such as prom and graduation are important steps to becoming an adult and concluding their high school years of adolescence. Therefore, I was forced to participate in these torturous events simply because it is what was culturally accepted and is familiar. If given the option, I would have chosen not to attend these banal occasions. Peers pass judgment on those who choose not to participate therefore my parents did not want to receive derision for allowing me to be an introverted individual so I was forced to engage in trite events which I would rather rip my eyeballs out than attend. Although I attended these expected events, I did not consider them to be my rite of passage into adulthood whereas getting my first tattoo did facilitate my rise into adulthood. I value certain actions more than others, but that should not entail isolation and mockery from people who accept the norm. We are all individuals and have the right to create our own rites of passage that give us significance and happiness.
            Everybody is an individual and although most of us do have similarities, we all have differing traits and alternative desired courses of action that will make us feel satisfied and give our life significance. Preconceived rites of passage should become an idea of the past and individuals should be allowed to form their own rites of passage that will help them cope with life and the challenges it brings.

Works Cited

Fraga, Catherine and Judie Rae. Rites of Passage: A Thematic Reader. Boston: Wadsworth Learning, 2002. Print.

Visual Reflection

Darth Vader playing "Edward Forty-Hands"


My Own Rite of Passage:Tattoos






Research Paper Reflection

Research Paper Reflection Essay
            A young girl was on her computer for hours upon hours. Rifling through hundreds upon hundreds of articles about underage drinking. All of the articles seemed to say the same thing: “Emily, this research paper is going to be horrifyingly dull to write and you are going to sound repetitive.” This was my life for six hours when trying to find research for my paper; little did I know that there actually is some fascinating information regarding my topic and psychology- my minor.  I have composed many research papers throughout my life including twenty page papers for my AP Literature senior project in high school. However, I have never been so overwhelmed writing a paper as I have with this one. I never realized how different the process of writing a research paper is in college- even on an AP (a supposed “college”) level.  Although the process was quite a struggle and required copious consumption of coffee and time, I actually feel that I learned some interesting factoids I did not know about underage drinking and also I was taught a valuable lesson about the different expectations that college professors have for research papers.
            I had just written a critical analysis essay on underage drinking and to be honest, I was too stubborn to change my topic for my research paper so I declared that as my focus. I wrote an impromptu thesis- without much knowledge of what I was going to be writing about- in class, in approximately a minute.  The thesis was vague, bland, and awkwardly written. I started off with frustration that I had no clue what I was going to focus on.
The world of underage drinking is widespread. After scouring the depths of the UNCA library website for articles about underage drinking, I found some seemingly interesting articles that I thought would provide an fresh take on the topic of underage drinking. I was going to uncover the secrets of preventive methods for underage drinking. After reading five articles that were at least ten pages long and furiously scribbling notes, I then could form an outline. By outline, I mean a bulleted list of facts from my research. It has been ingrained in my brain to organize ideas into topics and paragraphs. Upon doing this, I found some inconsistencies in facts. For example, I had an entire article on the benefit of parental involvement to prevent underage drinking and another article stating that community values are the biggest protective factor.  This did not seem to bode well for my resources. However, my infuriating and pointless (at the time) annotated bibliography was due in five hours so I simply wrote about the resources that I had.
Upon gathering my gargantuan stack of papers and notes, I composed the most rushed, vague, and bland paper I had ever written for my rough draft. I turned it into Moodle knowing that it needed a lot of work and a lot more time. I have learned that one cannot procrastinate with college research papers! Upon writing my final draft, I spread out my time working on the much-needed improvements and had a moment to actually comprehend how stimulating my topic was. I learned a lot of new information on the predictive factors for underage drinking which was actually horrifying personally considering alcoholism is extremely prevalent in my family, but it was interesting nonetheless. I read my paper out loud and realized that it was very analytical, but was still missing something- elevated diction. Elevated diction was always my go-to in high school, but in college I have learned that a good vocabulary will get you nowhere unless you have facts. I added in some of my verbal flair and was surprisingly reasonably happy with the result.

I never thought that I would actually be able to compose a clear, concise, and stimulating paper about underage drinking- an overdone topic. However when actually taking time and not cramming all of the work in at the last minute, I was able to create a fluid and informative piece of writing. Personally, I have never seen the merit in annotated bibliographies and still do not to an extent. However, I understand the value of good, consistent resources now. Overall, it was a stress-inducing, but rewarding experience and my research paper writing skills can only improve from here.